这类病不疼不痒，却能一步步榨干你的肾！出现这些征兆一定要重视
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/static/publish/css/style.css?v=20240712" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=20240712"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <section style="margin-bottom: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: row; visibility: visible;"><section class="empty_paragraph" style="outline: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; border-top: 4px solid #5f9cef; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid #5f9cef; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; color: #5f9cef; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 3px; visibility: visible;"></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;">很多人觉得自己身体不错，平时也不太关注，直到被告知“肾功能异常”“尿蛋白升高”的那一刻，才意识到肾脏出了问题。据第六次中国慢性病及危险因素监测结果显示，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>我国已有超过 8200 万成年人患有慢性肾病，却只有 1 成的人知道自己患病</strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;">这是一种典型的“沉默病”，早期几乎没有症状，却可能在不知不觉中一步步走向肾衰竭，甚至终身透析。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">慢性肾病并不遥远，它可能正在你我身边悄然发生。那么，究竟哪些症状是肾脏在报警？如果我们一直忽视又会有什么后果？</span></p><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; text-align: center;"></section><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; min-width: 5%; height: auto; box-shadow: #2bb3f1 6px 6px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;"><section style="text-align: left;"><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 18px;"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong style="text-align: left; letter-spacing: 0.034em;">近九成人不知道自己患病</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">慢性肾病（CKD）是指肾脏功能或结构持续异常超过3个月，最终可能进展至肾衰竭。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">提起慢性肾病，很多人的第一反应是：“那是年纪大了、得了糖尿病的人才会得吧？”但你可能想不到，这个听起来离普通人有些“遥远”的</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">病，其实正悄悄地存在于我们身边。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">一项覆盖全国 31 个省份、近 18 万人参与的权威流调显示，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>中国成年人中慢性肾病的患病率达到了 8.2%</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>，</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>相当于超过 8200 万人正在被它悄无声息地侵蚀。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">其中，农村地区的患病率更高，达到 8.6%，城市地区也紧随其后，为 7.9%</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。按年龄分层，60~70 岁人群的患病率达到 19.4%，而 70 岁以上人群更是高达 29%</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">——60 岁以上老人中，每三个人就有一位患有慢性肾病；并且随着年龄增长，肾病的风险显著升高<span style="color: #888888; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px;"></span>。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">更令人警惕的是，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">这些患者中超过七成处于早期（1~2 期）阶段，几乎没有任何不适症状，常常是在体检中偶然发现。尽管病已经存在，但全国范围内的知晓率只有 10% 左右</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">，也就是说，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>大多数人对自己的病情一无所知。</strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">慢性肾病之所以危险，就在于它的“沉默”：</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>不疼、不痒、不出声，却在悄悄损耗肾功能。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">肾脏不像心脏那样“叫得响”，但</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">一旦功能受损，往往很难逆转，甚至逐步发展到终末期肾病，最终需要透析或肾移植来维持生命。而在这之前，它还可能引发心血管疾病、贫血、骨质</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">疏松、感染等一连串的全身性并发症。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">所以，别再以为“我没症状就没问题”。慢性肾病可能已经在你、我、我们家人之间悄然存在，只是我们还没发现它而已。</span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; min-width: 5%; height: auto; box-shadow: #2bb3f1 6px 6px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;"><section style="text-align: left;"><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 18px;"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>慢性肾病的</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.034em;">高危因素</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">“怎么会得肾病？我平时又不抽烟也不喝酒。”</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">很多人在拿到检查结果时都感到困惑。确实，慢性肾病不像某些传染病那样来得迅猛，它的形成往往是一点一滴积累的过程，背后推波助澜的“元凶”，可能早已潜伏在生活中。</span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="will-change: transform;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 97%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 6px;"><section style="font-size: 19px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block; background-color: #2bb3f1; width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 12px; color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>1</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 13px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>“三高”疾病</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;">最突出的幕后推手，正是被称作“代谢三高”的高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">这三种疾病几乎构成了慢性肾病最常见、也最稳定的共病组合。在全国范围内的流行病学调查中发现，慢性肾病患者中高血压的患病率高达 60.5%，糖尿病为 31.3%，而血脂异常则高达 50.5%<span style="color: #888888; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px;"></span>。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">这些数字并非冷冰冰的统计，它们背后是一套沉重的病理机制——血压持续升高会损伤肾脏微血管系统，糖尿病带来的长期高血糖状态会加速肾小球硬化，而血脂异常则通过促发动脉粥样硬化，进一步破坏肾脏灌注和过滤能力。三者之间彼此缠绕、相互加乘，构成了一张隐形却高效的“杀肾网络”。</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 8px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; text-align: center;"></section><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="will-change: transform;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 97%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 6px;"><section style="font-size: 19px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block; background-color: #2bb3f1; width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 12px; color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>2</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 13px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>不健康的生活方式</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">除了“三高”疾病，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>生活方式的改变同样扮演着推波助澜的角色。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">比如久坐少动、饮食不当、肥胖增加，都是现代都市生活的“副产品”，却也正好为肾病提供了可乘之机。<br /></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">在这次覆盖全国 31 个省份的大型流行病学调查中，研究人员发现，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>肥胖人群</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">的患病率明显升高，尤其是腰腹部脂肪堆积者——即我们常说的“苹果型身材”——其尿蛋白异常和肾功能下降的风险显著增加。此外，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>运动时间不足者、习惯高盐高脂饮食者、红肉摄入过量而蔬果摄入不足的人群</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">，也被发现与慢性肾病的发生密切相关。甚至连</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>曾经吸烟的人群</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">，其患病风险都高于从未吸烟者，提示长期烟草暴露对肾脏的影响，可能早已在身体内部悄然累积。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="will-change: transform;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 97%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 6px;"><section style="font-size: 19px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block; background-color: #2bb3f1; width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 12px; color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>3</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 13px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>年龄增长</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">在人群特征方面</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">，年龄仍然是无法忽视的关键因素。随着年龄增长，肾脏功能呈现出自然性衰退趋势，更令人担忧的是，由于这一阶段</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">的变化常常被误认为是“正常老化”，许多老人即便已经处于病变阶段，依旧未能引起足够重视。</span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="will-change: transform;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 97%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 6px;"><section style="font-size: 19px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block; background-color: #2bb3f1; width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 12px; color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>4</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 13px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>其他</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">总结来说，慢性肾病不挑人，却</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>更容易找上那些年纪稍长、有基础病史、日常作息不规律、生活方式不健康的人。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">这些高危人群，往往就是我们自己，或者我们身边的父母、亲人。与其在症状出现后手忙脚乱地应对，不如在无声之中主动觉察，未雨绸缪，防患于未然。</span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; min-width: 5%; height: auto; box-shadow: #2bb3f1 6px 6px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;"><section style="text-align: left;"><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 18px;"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>这些信号可能是肾脏在“报警”</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">面对慢性肾脏病这种沉默型疾病，早期识别就非常重要，这里参考自三份权威资料：一篇发表于《密苏里州医学》的临床综述论文</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">、美国糖尿病协会发布的慢性肾病教育手册</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">，以及护理专家格拉迪斯·波尔齐恩的护理实践综述</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">，从临床、科普和护理三方经验，谈一谈慢性肾病的早期症状。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">慢性肾病最早期的表现，往往藏在尿液中——</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>比如清晨尿泡增多、泡沫久久不散，又或者是体检中“尿蛋白阳性”“微量白蛋白升高”</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。这些异常多由肾小球滤过屏障的破坏所致，是肾病最早期、最敏感的提示之一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。尤其是糖尿病、高血压等高危人群，即使 eGFR（估算肾小球滤过率）仍在正常范围内，只要出现持续性蛋白尿，就应高度警惕肾脏的“隐形损伤”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">除了尿液信号，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>轻微但持续的水肿也值得留意</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">——比如</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>早上醒来时眼皮浮肿，或傍晚脚踝发胀，却在白天自行缓解。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">有些人会觉得</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>最近总是乏力、注意力难以集中，哪怕睡足八小时也疲惫不堪。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">这些看似“亚健康”的状态，可能反映的是体内代谢废物开始积聚，而肾脏清除能力正在悄然下降</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 8px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; text-align: center;"></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">进入中期后，症状会逐渐明确，尤其是尿毒素在血液中持续积聚时。患者可能出现恶心、呕吐、口腔异味，甚至是“氨味口气”；浮肿加重，不再只是清晨的问题，而是全天持续；食欲明显减退，体重逐渐下降。有些人则因为肾脏合成促红细胞生成素</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">（EPO</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">）的能力</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">下降，出现贫血、头晕、心悸等表现——这是肾病与心血管系统密切关联的体现</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。在此阶段，eGFR 往往已经降到 60 ml/min/1.73㎡ 以下，进入 CKD 第 3 期或更晚阶段，疾病负担显著增加。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">更重要的是，很多人直到症状明显后才进行相关检查，而此时往往已经错过最佳干预时机。正因如此，国际指南一致强调：必须通过实验室检查才能真正“听懂”肾脏发出的信号。</span><span style="color: #2bb3f1;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;">最关键的三个指标包括：血清肌酐（Scr）、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）以及尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（ACR）</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;"><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">其中，eGFR 是衡量肾功能最常用的综合性指标，正常值应在 90 以上，一旦持续低于 60，就意味着存在显著的肾功能下降</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: #888888; font-size: 12px;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。而尿蛋白，尤其是微量白蛋白的持续升高，是肾脏“早期炎症”和“滤过障碍”的直接信号，即便 eGFR 尚未下降，也应引起足够重视</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">还有一个常被忽视的数字——</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>血压</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。长期血压控制不良，不仅是肾病的“元凶”之一，也往往是肾功能恶化的“放大器”。研究指出，血压若长期高于 130/80 mmHg，将显著加速肾小球硬化，降低 GFR 水平</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。而 BUN（尿素氮）、血钾等指标，也可作为肾功能受损的附加线索，当它们异常升高时，常意味着体内正在发生代谢废物堆积或电解质紊乱</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">可见，慢性肾病从早期到进展期，并非“毫无征兆”。只是这些信号太轻微、太常见，以至于容易与普通疲劳、年龄变化混为一谈。但如果我们掌握了它的“语言”——用定期体检的数据说话，而不是靠“感觉”判断，就有机会在肾功能大幅下滑前拉响警报。</span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; min-width: 5%; height: auto; box-shadow: #2bb3f1 6px 6px 0px 0px; padding: 8px;"><section style="text-align: left;"><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 18px;"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>如何早发现、早预防？</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">我们常说“治病不如防病”，而对于慢性肾病而言，这句话更是一种迫切的现实需要。一项由国际肾脏病学会牵头、发表在《肾脏国际报告》的全球研究</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">指出</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #2bb3f1;"><strong>如果肾病能被更早识别，有可能通过改变生活方式来延缓甚至避免透析。</strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">预防肾病，其实就像照顾一棵树，要从根上做起。在肾脏真正“出毛病”之前，我们完全有机会让它少受伤、甚至不受伤。这就需要我们从两个层面入手：一种是“别让它生病”，另一种是“早点发现苗头”。</span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="will-change: transform;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 97%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 6px;"><section style="font-size: 19px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block; background-color: #2bb3f1; width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 12px; color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>1</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 13px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>别让它生病</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">首先是“别让它生病”——也被称为“一级预防”。我们都知道，高盐饮食会升高血压，而高血压是损害肾脏最主要的“慢性杀手”。糖尿病也是一样，血糖控制不当会让肾小球承受过多负担，时间久了便撑不住。<br /></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">因此，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>少吃咸，多喝水，控制体重，适度运动，保持血压和血糖平稳。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">如果你是单肾人群（比如做过肾脏手术、先天只有一个肾），那更要保护好这仅剩的一颗“生命过滤器”，饮食不要太重口，尽量避免高蛋白摄入</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 8px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; text-align: center;"></section><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="will-change: transform;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 97%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 6px;"><section style="font-size: 19px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; text-align: center;"><section style="display: inline-block; background-color: #2bb3f1; width: 1.8em; height: 1.8em; line-height: 1.8em; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 12px; color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>2</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; margin-right: 13px;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #2bb3f1;"><p><strong>早发现、早干预</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">但光靠预防还不够，因为慢性肾病很多时候是在“无声中”悄然发生的。这时，“二级预防”就显得尤其重要——也就是早发现、早干预。最简单的办法，就是定期做个“血+尿”的组合检查。查查血肌酐、估算一下肾小球滤过率</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">（eGFR），再做</span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">个尿白蛋白检测。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;">特别是以下这些人群，更应该把它们列入年度检查清单：</span></strong></span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="will-change: transform; line-height: 1.75em;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 97%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-radius: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px; background-color: #f4fdff; height: auto; border: 1px solid #2bb3f1;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #050505;"><p><span style="color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">有高血压、糖尿病的人；</span></p><p><span style="color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">肥胖人群；</span></p><p><span style="color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">家里有人得过肾病；年纪超过 65 岁的人；</span></p><p><span style="color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">曾经肾功能异常或用过伤肾药物的人。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">这类“高危人群”，是肾病最容易“盯上的对象”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: #888888; font-size: 12px;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">你可能会问：我没症状，为什么要去查？正因为慢性肾病早期往往没有症状，所以等你出现浮肿、乏力、尿量变化时，很可能已经进入中期甚至晚期了。</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>而在早期，通过一个简单的尿检，就能发现微量白蛋白异常，这是肾脏损伤的第一道警示灯</strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。只要灯一亮，就该立刻减盐、控糖、降压、减重，越早行动，越能挽回局面。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">还有一点容易被忽视：</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>我们的饮食、用药习惯，也正在慢慢影响肾脏</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">比如随意服用止痛药、滥用中草药、喝太少水，都是肾脏的“隐形负担”。在日常生活中，多一分留心，少一分冒险，也许就能让肾脏再多撑十年。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">最后我们要明白，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #000000;"><strong>真正的健康不是医院给的，是自己争取的。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">在全世界范围内，很多国家已经将“肾病早筛”纳入全民健康计划，一些地区的糖尿病相关肾衰率下降了超过 40%</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: #888888;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; color: #3f3f3f; letter-spacing: 1px;">。这不是奇迹，而是科学和生活方式共同努力的成果。我们也完全可以做到——从每年一张体检报告开始，从餐桌上的一勺盐开始，从每天多走的那几步开始，提前守住肾脏健康的第一道门槛。</span></p><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 97%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin-bottom: 12px;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #050505;"><p><strong>参考文献</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; height: 172px; vertical-align: top; overflow-y: auto; border-radius: 6px; border: 0px none #3e3e3e;"><section style="overflow: hidden;"><section style="justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; width: 100%; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 14px; color: #8c8c8c; width: 100%;"><p>Wang L, Xu X, Zhang M, et al. Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in China: Results From the Sixth China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. JAMA Intern Med. 2023;183(4):298-310.</p><p>Whaley-Connell A, Nistala R, Chaudhary K. The importance of early identification of chronic kidney disease. Mo Med. 2011;108(1):25-8.</p><p>Good to Know: Kidney Disease: Signs and Treatment. Clin Diabetes. 2020;38(2):201-203.</p><p>Polzien G. Chronic kidney disease and kidney failure: important numbers to know. Home Healthc Nurse. 2007;25(10):655-60; quiz 661-2.</p><p>Li PK, Garcia-Garcia G, Lui SF, et al. Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere-From Prevention to Detection and Equitable Access to Care. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;5(3):245-251.</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; outline: 0px; visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; visibility: visible;"> </p><section style="outline: 0px; color: #222222; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: #ffffff; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: center; height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px; background-color: #5f9cef; height: 1px;"><section style="outline: 0px;"></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; min-width: 10%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: row; text-align: center; justify-content: center;"><section style="outline: 0px; display: inline-block; width: 45px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #5f9cef; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; line-height: 0; letter-spacing: 0px; align-self: flex-start;"><section style="outline: 0px;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 45px; height: auto;"><img class="__bg_gif rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: middle; outline: 0px; visibility: visible !important; width: 45px !important; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260127/17695024332433416362.gif" /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 100 100 0%;"><section style="outline: 0px;"><section style="outline: 0px; background-color: #5f9cef; height: 1px;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> </p><section></section><p style="display: none;"> </p> <!----></div> 一个人虽不大，病到不少 路过 :P:P:P 感谢分享！ :):):) 路过 :(:(:(:(:( 路过看看
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