差点没命！一根铁钉让他闯了40天“鬼门关”！医生提醒：伤口再小也别拿命赌！
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/static/publish/css/style.css?v=20240712" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=20240712"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <section style="line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; text-align: justify;"><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="empty_paragraph" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="empty_paragraph" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="empty_paragraph" style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970572391789829.png" /></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px; border-left-color: #e73a30; border-right-color: #e73a30; padding: 0px 23px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在日常生活中，偶尔被钉子扎伤、被木刺刺入，很多人觉得伤口不大、流点血就好了，往往不太放在心上。可是，年轻的小勇（化名）万万没想到，一周多前脚底踩到的那枚小小铁钉，险些让他付出了生命的代价。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 0px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px 1px; border-color: #e73a30; align-self: flex-end; margin: 0px 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 43px; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px); -webkit-transform: perspective(0px); -moz-transform: perspective(0px); -o-transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; line-height: 0; transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -webkit-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -moz-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -o-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 20px; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/1779497058655219808.png" /></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #e93323; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">踩到铁钉未当回事，突然“张不开嘴”了</strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #e73a30; height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: center; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px); -webkit-transform: perspective(0px); -moz-transform: perspective(0px); -o-transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; line-height: 0; transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -webkit-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -moz-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -o-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 0px; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/1779497058655219808.png" /></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">今年30岁的小勇正值壮年，3月，他在收拾废品时左脚脚底不慎被一枚铁钉扎伤，当时看着只是一个小小的伤口，流了一点血，小勇觉得没什么大碍，只进行了简单冲洗，贴了个创可贴。然而，正是这个“小伤口”酿成了大祸。</p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">过了一周多，小勇的身体突然拉响了警报。他开始出现<span style="color: #e93323; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">张口受限，嘴巴勉强只能撑开一个手指头的宽度，咀嚼食物也变得异常困难</strong></span>。紧接着，他的<span style="color: #e93323; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">双腿变得僵硬，整个人像被紧紧箍住了一样</strong></span>，同时还伴有<span style="color: #e93323; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">全身大汗淋漓</strong></span>的症状。意识到问题严重性，他赶紧来到义乌市中心医院急诊科就诊。</p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; color: #e93323; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">病情急转直下，EICU上演40天生命保卫战</strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #e73a30; height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: center; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px); -webkit-transform: perspective(0px); -moz-transform: perspective(0px); -o-transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; line-height: 0; transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -webkit-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -moz-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -o-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 0px; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/1779497058655219808.png" /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-radius: 12px; padding: 14px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #f44638;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; overflow-x: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden; width: 200%; max-width: 200% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 50%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 100%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970623908667639.jpeg" /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 100%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/1779497063865866831.jpeg" /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">急诊科医护人员接诊后，发现小勇的脚底伤口迟迟没有愈合，甚至开始溃烂，第一时间为小勇进行了伤口探查和清创处理，询问病史后，医生立马意识到是破伤风，同时紧急注射了破伤风免疫球蛋白、破伤风疫苗及抗生素。</p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-color: #e73a30; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(231, 58, 48, 0.16) 13%, rgba(231, 58, 48, 0.04) 88%); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex; width: 100%; flex-flow: column; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="z-index: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; padding: 21px 21px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">非新生儿破伤风 ( Non-Neonatal Tetanus) 是指年龄超过28天，因破伤风梭状芽孢杆菌通过皮肤或黏膜破口侵入人体，在厌氧环境中繁殖并产生外毒素，引起的以全身骨骼肌持续强直性收缩和阵发性痉挛为特征的急性、特异性、中毒性疾病。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2.2667em; background-color: transparent;">诊断主要依据典型的临床表现，在排除其他病因的基础上，至少有牙关紧闭或苦笑面容、疼痛性肌肉痉挛两项表现之一可诊断为非新生儿破伤风。</span></p></section><section style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970656307426254.jpeg" /></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">然而，由于未及时就医，小勇的病情危重，随即被送入EICU（急诊重症监护病区）接受进一步治疗。进入EICU后，小勇的病情持续恶化，出现了呼吸衰竭、双肺感染加重、肝功能不全、低钾血症等一系列严重并发症。EICU团队紧急给予气管插管、呼吸机辅助通气，并联合纠正自主神经功能障碍、控制肌肉痉挛、抗感染、护肝护胃、营养支持等对症综合治疗。</p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970669997852796.jpeg" /></section></section><section style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; color: #a0a0a0; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">▲ 小勇的体温反复升高降低，症状也多次反复发作</strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970683836764032.jpeg" /></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">每一次病情的变化，都牵动着整个救治团队的心。好在经过EICU医护团队日以继夜的不懈努力，小勇终于一步步闯过了呼吸衰竭关、感染防控关、器官功能恢复关等多个“鬼门关”。40天后，他顺利转出EICU，进入急诊病区接受后续康复治疗。</p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970697349960969.jpeg" /></section></section><section style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; color: #a0a0a0; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">▲ 小勇脱离生命危险后在急诊病区接受治疗</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前已康复出院</strong></p></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">破伤风到底有多可怕？</strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #e73a30; height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: center; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px); -webkit-transform: perspective(0px); -moz-transform: perspective(0px); -o-transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; line-height: 0; transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -webkit-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -moz-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); -o-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 0px; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/1779497058655219808.png" /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 81%; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 90%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970722717396047.png" /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 0px -33px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 16px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 20px; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/1779497058655219808.png" /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">义乌市中心医院急诊科主任陈铁江提醒，破伤风的危险远超人们的想象。<span style="text-indent: 2.2667em; background-color: transparent; color: #333333;">重症患者可发生喉痉挛、窒息、肺部感染和器官功能衰竭，</span><span style="text-indent: 2.2667em; background-color: transparent; color: #333333;">在没有医疗干预的情况下，破伤风的病死率接近100%；即使在经过积极综合治疗之后，全球范围内破伤风的病死率仍有30%到50%，</span><span style="text-indent: 2.2667em; background-color: transparent; color: #333333;">是一种极为严重的潜在致命性疾病。</span></p></section><section style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #e73a30; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">破伤风梭菌无处不在，广泛存在于土壤、灰尘、铁锈以及动物和人的粪便当中。</strong></span>一旦通过皮肤破口侵入人体，在伤口深处这种没有氧气的环境中，这些细菌就会疯狂繁殖，并释放出一种叫做“破伤风痉挛毒素”的剧毒物质，专门攻击人体的神经系统。</p><p dir="ltr"> 常见的病因包括：皮肤、黏膜有外伤史或破损史(如动物致伤、<span style="background-color: transparent;">被生锈金属刺伤、开放性骨折、烧伤烫伤、注射药物、分娩流产等）；</span><span style="background-color: transparent;">皮肤、黏膜、软组织有细菌感染史(如慢性中耳炎、慢性鼻窦炎、牙周感染、肛周感染等)；有消化道破损病史(如消化道手术史、消化道穿孔等)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 81%; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 90%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970749031449956.png" /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 0px -33px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 16px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 20px; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/1779497058655219808.png" /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #e73a30; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">破伤风的潜伏期通常为3～21天，可短至1天内，罕见病例潜伏期可在半年以上。感染部位越接近中枢神经系统(如头或颈部)，潜伏期相对越短；越远离中枢神经系统(如手或足)，潜伏期相对越长。</strong></span></p><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><img style="height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970772797666782.jpeg" /></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 12px; color: #999999;">▲ 非新生儿破伤风的严重程度分级</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px; color: #999999;">来源：《非新生儿破伤风诊疗规范（2024年版）》</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e;"> 非新生儿破伤风分为三型：全身型最常见且严重，表现为</span><span style="font-weight: 400; text-decoration-line: underline; color: #fa5359;">全身肌肉疼痛性痉挛，可致张口困难、苦笑面容、角弓反张、呼吸暂停</span><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e;">等，轻微刺激可诱发，严重时伴自主神经功能紊乱；局部型少见，局限于</span><span style="color: #fa5359; text-decoration-line: underline;">伤口附近肢体或部位发生强直性和痉挛性肌肉收缩</span><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e;">，可转为全身型；头部型为特殊局部型，常见于头面部伤，表现为</span><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #fa5359; text-decoration-line: underline;">吞咽困难、颅神经麻痹（如面瘫）及牙关紧闭</span><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e;">，也可转为全身型。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 10px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: #e73a30; padding: 17px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 32px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: center; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 20px; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970784396971594.png" /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px solid #e73a30;"><section style="text-align: justify; font-size: 17px; color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">万一受伤应该怎么处理？</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; min-width: 5%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right; margin: 0px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 0px; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970797031749555.png" /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; margin: 0px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-color: #e73a30; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(231, 58, 48, 0.16) 13%, rgba(231, 58, 48, 0.04) 88%); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 0px; height: 0px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 11px 11px 0px; border-color: #e73a30 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">外伤后破伤风是最常见类型，外伤后规范处置是避免发病的有效手段。受伤后，应第一时间使用流动清水或生理盐水充分地冲洗伤口。如条件允许，可使用一定压力的水流冲洗，<span style="font-family: Noto Sans CJK SC, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, Apple Color Emoji, Emoji Symbols Font, Segoe UI Symbol, Arial, sans-serif;">去除表面污垢、异物和细菌。在受伤后6小时内前往医院就诊。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2.2667em; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e;">医生会根据患者免疫史和伤口情况，判断是否需要注射破伤风免疫球蛋白（被动免疫，能立刻中和毒素）和破伤风疫苗（主动免疫，建立长期保护）。</span><span style="text-indent: 2.2667em; text-size-adjust: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #fa5359; font-weight: bold;">即便受伤已超过24小时，只要还没有发病，注射破伤风免疫制剂仍然具有预防意义。</span></span></span></p></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto !important;" src="https://pics-app.cnyw.net/20260523/17794970809762978685.jpeg" /></section></section><p style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><section style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; color: #3e3e3e; margin: 0.5em 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #a0a0a0; height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 10px; font-weight: 400; color: #a0a0a0; 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